All popular programming languages, for each one the description and why to choose it. New emerging programming languages are also included in the list.
Complete list |
Description |
Why use it? |
---|---|---|
C# (C Sharp) |
Concurrent to java, runs on .NET or compatible platforms (Portable NET, Mono). More – Code |
Easier than C++. May share resources with other languages under a common runtime. |
C | C offers great freedom, and lot of debugging challenge thanks to pointers and memory management. More – Code |
Suffering slow programming to make fast programs. For system programming. |
C++ | C++ is C plus objects, an extended library, templates. More – Code |
System programming as C but allow larger project, or applications. |
D language | C++ like language, more dynamic. Compatible with C. D Language – Code |
For teaching or scripting. |
Pascal | Old language (1970), improved with objects, imposes a strictly structured programming. More – Code |
Teaching, or client/server apps with Delphi and Kylix. |
Basic ASP |
This very old language (1964) was improved by Microsoft, with a complete programming environment. Other portages exist. More – Code |
Standard language for scripting Microsoft’s applications (Word etc…), and for dynamic web pages (Asp) on Windows servers. |
PHP | Designed to be embedded inside HTML to build dynamic Web pages or update them from databases. More – Code |
Producing HTML pages from data. The version 5 targets Web services. |
Java | Was designed to be portable and to replace C++. More – Code |
Cross-platform applications. For web services and mobile phone apps under Android. |
JavaScript, ECMAScript |
JavaScript has been invented to build dynamic client-side html pages, ECMAScript is the standardized version. More – Code |
For interactivity in web pages and applications. Used with HTML 5 for Web or local apps on Metro or Node.js or Qt. |
Scriptol | A simple, object-oriented, universal language with an intuitive and powerful syntax. You can build executables, or embed code into html pages. XML may be used as data structure. More – Code |
Easy and universal for scripting, prototyping, making binary applications, dynamic web pages and XML processing. For web services by using PHP 5 as back-end. |
Python | A modern interpreted language with powerful built-in features and a unique indentation feature to shorten coding. The Jython version compiles in Java bytecode. More – Code |
Programming at light speed. Powerful and easy to learn. Extending Zope for web services. Java scripting with Jython. Only for open source applications (not compiled). |
Boo | This is a new version of Python with some new features. It runs on .Net and Mono and thus, no compatibility problem. Boo – Code |
Similar to Python. |
ASP | Scripting language, server-side, for dynamic web pages by Microsoft, same syntax as Basic. ASP – Code |
Producing HTML pages from data, but under Windows servers only. |
Assembler | This is near the machine language and the fastest. You should never use it, as older programmers did. | Making graphic subroutines, drivers or industrial processing. |
Eiffel, Sather | Object-oriented, with “programming per contract” and other secure features. Sather is an open source implementation. More – Code |
Programming secured applications. Used by hospitals. |
Perl | A scripting interpreted language. Readabillity and ease of use are not the goal. Perl – Code |
Mainly used by networks administrators and for small CGI scripts. |
Rebol | Interpreted language for network scripting. The language itself may be augmented. Rebol – Code |
Processing information on distributed computer systems, with small programs. |
Ruby | Designed with simplicity in mind. It is interpreted, and has a proprietary but extensible library. More – Code |
Writing scripts more easily. Using Ruby on Rails for Web applications. |
Tcl | A scripting language, easy to learn and available on any platform. More – Code |
Scripting of portable programs with GUI, and web programming by CGI. |
NetRexx | By IBM, has a simplified syntax. More – Code |
Extends Java with scripts. |
Lua | Add-on or standalone language with extensible semantic. Lua – Code |
Extending the C language. |
Cobol | Business language still used on big computers. Cobol – Code |
Maintaining old programs on mainframes. |
Fortran | One of the first languages, always used for mathematical tasks. Fortran – Code |
Has huge library for scientific calculations. |
Lisp | Lisp is a very old language designed for artificial intelligence, processes lists only. Lisp – Code |
Artificial intelligence and scripting. |
Scheme | Scheme is a modernized version of Lisp. Scheme – Code |
Artificial intelligence and scripting. |
Prolog | For logic programming, based on Horn’s clauses. Prolog – Code |
Heavy artificial intelligence processing. |
Haskell | Functional programming. Slow and memory consuming. Haskell – Code |
To try programming in another way |
SQL | Language of data management. MySQL |
For databases queries. |
Forth | Another oldy. Invented by an astronomer, is stack based Forth – Code |
For instrumental commands and legacy libraries re-using. |
Smalltalk | One of the first object oriented language, programs can’t run outside the IDE. Smalltalk – Code |
Absolutely object-oriented processing. |
Modula, Oberon |
Successors to Pascal. Oberon – Code |
For nostalgics of the Algol and Pascal time. |
Caml, Ocalm | Functional languages, Ocalm is object-oriented. Caml – Code |
Used by universities. May help to build a compiler. |
Scala | Procedural, functional and object-oriented programming language. Scala – Code |
Provides a more compact syntax than Java on the virtual machine |
XML | Not really a programming language, but may be used for similar tasks. XML |
XML serves to describe precisely data and may include actions on data. XSL allows to transform documents. |
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